Real-Time Area Angle Monitoring Using Synchrophasors: A Practical Framework and Utility Deployment

This article develops a practical framework of Area Angle Monitoring (AAM) to monitor in real time the stress bulk power transfer across an area transmission system. angle is calculated from synchrophasor measurements provide alert system operators if exceeds pre-defined thresholds. proposes general method identify warning threshold and simplified quickly update thresholds under significant topology change. A mitigation strategy relieve also proposed. In order handle limited coverage measurements, this estimate phase angles for boundary buses without which extends application scenario AAM. AAM verified Western Electricity Coordinating Council with both simulated data recorded events. utility deployment real-time livestream described.